Technological Process
Different forging methods have different processes, among which the process flow of hot forging is the longest, generally in the order of: billet cutting; Heating of forging blanks; Roll forging blanks; Forging forming; Cutting edges; Punching; Correction; Intermediate inspection, checking the size and surface defects of forgings; Forging heat treatment is used to eliminate forging stress and improve metal cutting performance; Cleaning, mainly to remove surface oxide scale; Correction; Inspection: Generally, forgings need to undergo appearance and hardness testing, while important forgings also need to undergo chemical composition analysis, mechanical properties, residual stress testing, and non-destructive testing.
Characteristics of Forgings
Compared with castings, metals can improve their microstructure and mechanical properties after forging processing. After hot working deformation through forging method, the casting structure transforms from coarse dendrites and columnar grains to equiaxed recrystallized structures with finer and uniformly sized grains due to metal deformation and recrystallization. This compacts and welds the segregation, looseness, porosity, slag inclusions, etc. inside the steel ingot, making the structure more compact and improving the plasticity and mechanical properties of the metal. The mechanical properties of castings are lower than those of forgings of the same material. In addition, forging processing can ensure the continuity of the metal fiber structure, keeping the fiber structure of the forging consistent with the shape of the forging, and ensuring the integrity of the metal streamline, which can ensure that the parts have good mechanical properties and long service life. Forged parts produced by precision forging, cold extrusion, warm extrusion and other processes are incomparable to castings. Forged parts are objects in which the metal is subjected to pressure, and the required shape or appropriate compression force is formed through plastic deformation. This power is typically achieved through the use of a hammer or pressure. The casting process creates an exquisite particle structure and improves the physical properties of the metal. In the practical use of components, a correct design can enable particle flow in the direction of the main pressure. Casting is a metal formed object obtained by various casting methods, that is, smelted liquid metal is injected into a pre prepared mold by casting, injection, suction or other casting methods, cooled, and then subjected to sand removal, cleaning and post-treatment to obtain an object with a certain shape, size and performance.