What are the basic equipment for forging?

There are various kinds of forging equipment in forging production. According to the different driving principles and technological characteristics, there are mainly the following types: forging equipment of forging hammer, hot die forging press, free press, flat forging machine, hydraulic press and rotating forming and forging equipment, etc.
The hammer processes forgings

(1) forging equipment of forging hammer
Forging hammer is a use of hammer, hammer rod and the piston down part of the product category in the working stroke of kinetic energy, and placed at a high speed blow of the hammer on the anvil forging blank, falling part of the release of kinetic energy into a lot of pressure, finish forging equipment of plastic deformation, it is a constant energy device, the output energy mainly comes from the cylinder gas expanding power and hammer in the gravitational potential energy.This type of equipment includes air hammer, steam - air hammer, steam - air hammer, high - speed hammer, hydraulic die forging hammer, etc.
The process characteristics of forging hammer are as follows: the effective strike energy output from the hammer head (slider) is the symbol of the load planting and forging ability of the forging hammer equipment;In the range of forging production stroke, the characteristic curve of load planting and stroke is non-linear, and the closer it is to the end of stroke, the greater the strike energy will be.In the forging deformation stage, the energy is released suddenly. Within a few thousandths of a second, the hammer head speed changes from the maximum speed to zero, so it has the characteristics of impact forming.The hammer head (sliding block) has no fixed lower dead point, the forging precision is guaranteed by the mold.

A hot die forging press processes forgings

(2) hot die forging press
Hot die forging press is a die forging equipment working according to the mechanism principle of crank slider. The forging equipment parameters belong to a crank press.Using motor drive and mechanical transmission, the rotary motion is transformed into reciprocating linear motion of the slider.
The characteristics of the forging process of the hot die forging press are as follows: due to the use of mechanical transmission, there is a fixed lower dead point in the movement of the sliding block;The speed and effective load of the sliding block vary with the position of the sliding block.When the load required by the pressure process is less than the effective load of the press, the process can be realized.When the load of the slider exceeds the effective load of the press, there will be the phenomenon of boring and overplanting protection devices should be installed.The forging precision of the press is related to the rigidity of the mechanical transmission mechanism and the frame.

(3) fruit press

A free press for free forging
The screw press is a forging machine which USES the screw and nut as the transmission mechanism and turns the positive and negative rotation movement of the flywheel into the upward and downward movement of the slider by means of the screw transmission.
The screw press is a kind of forging and pressing device between the die forging hammer and the hot die forging press.The working characteristic of forging is similar to that of forging hammer. The stroke of sliding block of the press is not fixed, and the return journey before the lowest position is allowed. According to the amount of deformation work required by forging, the strike capacity and strike times can be controlled.During die forging of single screw press, the deformation resistance of die forging is balanced by the elastic deformation of the closed bed system, which is similar to the hot die forging press.

Horizontal forging machine

(4) horizontal forging machine
Flat forging machine is also known as upsetting forging machine or horizontal forging machine, the structure is similar to hot die forging press, from the movement principle also belongs to a crank press, but its work part is to do horizontal reciprocating movement.By the motor and crank connecting rod mechanism to drive the two sliding blocks to do reciprocating motion.One slider mounting punch is used for forging, and another slider mounting die is used for centralizing the bar.
The flat forging machine mainly USES the method of local upsetting to produce die forgings. In addition to the local gathering work steps, punching, bending, flanging, cutting and cutting can also be realized on this equipment.Widely used in forgings for automobiles, tractors, bearings and aviation.The flat forging machine has the characteristics of the hot die forging press, such as the large rigidity of the equipment, the fixed stroke, the forging in the length direction (the direction of the strike) the dimensional stability is good;When working, it depends on the static pressure forming forgings, the vibration is small, does not need the huge foundation and so on.It is a kind of universal forging equipment widely used in mass forging.
Hydraulic forging processes forgings

(5) the hydraulic press
Hydraulic transmission is adopted, the pump station transforms the electric energy into the liquid pressure energy, and the forging and pressing process of the forging pieces is completed through the hydraulic cylinder and the sliding block (movable beam).It is a fixed load equipment, its output load size mainly depends on the liquid working pressure and working cylinder area.This type of equipment includes forging hydraulic press and hydraulic press.
The process features of hydraulic press mainly include: because the maximum planting load can be obtained at any position of the working stroke of the sliding block (movable beam), it is more suitable for the extrusion process that the load is almost unchanged within the range of the long stroke;Because of the overflow valve in the hydraulic system, it is easy to realize overplanting protection.The hydraulic system of the hydraulic press is easy to adjust the pressure and flow, which can obtain different load, stroke and speed characteristics, which not only expands the application of the hydraulic press, but also creates conditions for optimizing the forging process.Since the sliding block (movable beam) has no fixed lower dead point, the influence of the body stiffness of hydraulic press on the size accuracy of forging can be compensated to some extent.In recent years, the progress of hydraulic technology and the improvement of the quality and precision of hydraulic forging have made the hydraulic press equipment develop rapidly.
Ring rolling machine for ring forging

(6) rotary forming, forging and pressing equipment
Using motor drive and mechanical transmission, in the working process, the working part of the equipment and the forging processed, both or one of them do the rotary movement.This type of equipment includes cross wedge mill, roll forging machine, ring rolling machine, spinning machine, swing rolling machine and radial forging machine, etc.

The technological features of rotary forming forging and pressing equipment are as follows: the blank is subjected to local stress and local continuous deformation, so less force and energy are needed in processing, and larger forgings can also be processed.Because the forging part or the working part of the equipment rotates in the process of machining, it is more suitable for machining axles, disks, rings and other axisymmetric forgings.

   From:168 forgings net